Decomposing a Worldview

Purpose: As the root of the matter: I want to have an "accurate" view of the world that we live in, and understand what it means to act and live inside of it. Aptly said by Matt Dillahunty: "I want to believe as many true things and as few false things as possible." Note this claim is fraught with many sub-questions: (1) What does it mean to "believe," (2) What does it mean for something to be "true" and "false." (3) How do you know that something you believe is or is not true? 

Background: I was raised Christian. My environment was filled with hopes and expectations for my personal beliefs. Categories of belief include: World origins, the nature of man, the existence of an afterlife, political affiliations, scientific perspectives, epistemology, philosophy, sexuality, substance use and addition, so on and so forth. My environment assumed the hypothesis that God existed and had a "definitive stance" on many things. Namely, there was "absolute truth" that one could come to understand when in right standing with God and when learning from "what he said in his word." In the aftermath of deconversion from Christianity, I find my mind (a physical structure) filled with underlying assumptions that I would prefer to encounter with new eyes. 

Epistemology: What does it mean for something to be true? Conclusion: "Truth is what is." Or said differently, "truth is an alignment or measure of similarity between an idea and what actually exists." Error would then be "some amount of dissimilarity between an idea and what exists." This conclusion stems from observations regarding several categories of truth claims: 

1. Existential truth: 
2. Historical truth: 

Decomposing the question: